General+Science+I

=// August/September //=

Topics/ Content
**  2. Maps in the Computer Age **
 * A. Mapping the Earth’s Surface  **
 * 1. Exploring Earth’s Surface **
 * 3. Models of Earth **

B. Minerals
** 2. How Minerals Form ** ** 3. Mineral Resources **
 * 1. Properties of Minerals **
 * Skills **
 * A. Mapping the Earth’s Surface **
 * 1) **  Exploring Earth’s Surface  **
 * 1)  List the factors that determine the topography of Earth’s surface.(1.1.1)
 * 2)  Name and describe the main types of landforms.(1.1.2)
 * 3)  Identify the four “spheres” that make up Earth’s surface. (1.1.3)
 * 4)  Name and describe the layers that make up Earth’s structure. (1.1.4)
 * 1) **  Maps in the Computer Age   **
 * 1)  Describe how satellites and computers are used in mapmaking.(1.3.1)
 * 1) **  Models of Earth  **
 * 1)  Describe a topographic map.(1.4.1)
 * 2)  Explain how elevation, relief, and slope are shown on topographic maps.(1.4.2)
 * 3)  Identify the Global Positioning System.(1.4.3)

B. Minerals
 Ø   “Lat/Long – US Map”  Ø   “Map in a pan”  Ø   “Mineral Identification Lab”
 * 1) **  Properties of Minerals  **
 * 1)  Identify the characteristics of a mineral.(2.1.1)
 * 2)  Identify the properties of minerals and explain how minerals are identified.(2.1.2)
 * 1) ** How Minerals Form **
 * 1)  Describe the processes by which minerals form.(2.2.1)
 * 1) ** Mineral Resources **
 * 1)  Describe how minerals are used.(2.3.1)
 * 2)  List the three types of mines.(2.3.2)
 * 3)  Explain how ores are processed to obtain metals.(2.3.3)
 * 4)  List the characteristics used to identify rocks.(3.1.1)
 * 5)  Identify and describe the three major groups of rocks.(3.1.2)
 * Assessments **
 * Homework **
 * Vocabulary - section 1
 * Section Review 1-1
 * Section Review 1-3
 * Section Review 1-4
 * Vocabulary - section 2
 * Section Review 2-1
 * Section Review 2-2
 * Section Review 2-3
 * Quizzes **
 * Vocabulary quiz - section 1
 * Vocabulary quiz - section 2
 * Labs **
 * Topographic Map Lab/Activity
 * Mineral Lab/Activity
 * Tests **
 * Mapping the Earth
 * Minerals

Cumulative Notebook Grade

 * All notes, class work and homework included.
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania
  =// October //=
 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * Interpret topographic maps to identify and describe significant geologic history/structures in Pennsylvania . (3.5.10.A.3)
 * Evaluate and interpret geologic history using geologic maps. (3.5.10.A.4)
 * Describe and identify major types of rocks and minerals. (3.5.10.A.7)
 * Compare the locations of strategic minerals and earth resources in the world with their geologic history using maps and global information systems.(3.5.10.B.1)
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials
 * Notes **

C. Rocks
** 4. Sea-floor Spreading **
 * 1. Igneous Rocks **
 * 2. Sedimentary Rocks **
 * 3. Metamorphic Rocks **
 * 4. The Rock Cycle **
 * D. Plate Tectonics **
 * 1. Earth’s Interior **
 * 2. Convection Currents and the Mantle **
 * 3. Drifting Continents **
 * 5. The Theory of Plate Tectonics **

E. Earthquakes

 * 1. Earth’s Crust in Motion **
 * 2. Measuring Earthquakes **
 * Skills **

C. Rocks
a. Describe the rock cycle.(3.6.1) b. Interprete the rock cycle to determine how one type of rock can be transformed into another by geologic processes. a.  Describe the theory of continental drift.(4.3.1) b.  List the evidence used by Alfred Wegner to form his theory and why other scientists rejected it.(4.3.2) a. Describe the process of Sea-floor spreading.(4.4.1) b. List the evidence for Sea-floor spreading.(4.4.2) c. Explain the process of subduction.(4.4.3) a. Explain the theory of Plate Tectonics.(4.5.1) b. Describe the three types of plate boundaries.(4.5.2)
 * 1) **  Igneous Rocks  **
 * 1)  Identify the characteristics used to classify igneous rocks.(3.2.1)
 * 1) **  Sedimentary Rocks  **
 * 1)  Describe how sedimentary rocks form.(3.3.1)
 * 2)  List and describe the three major types of sedimentary rocks.(3.3.2)
 * 1) **  Metamorphic Rocks  **
 * 1)  Describe the conditions under which metamorphic rocks form.(3.5.1)
 * 2)  Identify the ways in which geologists classify metamorphic rocks.(3.5.2)
 * 1) **  The Rock Cycle  **
 * D. Plate Tectonics **
 * 1) **  Earth’s Interior  **
 * 1)  List the characteristics of Earth’s crust, mantle, and core.(4.1.1)
 * 1) **  Convection Currents and the Mantle  **
 * 1)  Explain how heat is transferred.(4.2.1)
 * 2)  Identify what causes convection currents.(4.2.2)
 * 1) **  Drifting Continents  **
 * 1) ** Sea-floor Spreading **
 * 1) ** The Theory of Plate Tectonics **

E. Earthquakes
a.  Describe how stress forces affect rock.(5.1.1) b.  Describe the types of faults, why faults form, and where they occur.(5.1.2) c.  Describe how movement along faults changes Earth’s surface. (5.1.3)    a.   Describe how the energy of an earthquake travels through Earth.(5.2.1) b.  Identify the different kinds of seismic waves.(5.2.2) c.  Name the scales used to measure the strength of an earthquake.(5.2.3)  Ø   “Rock Cycle Lab”  Ø   “Rock Identification Lab”  Ø   “Determining the epicenter of an earthquake”
 * 1. Earth’s Crust in Motion **
 * 2. Measuring Earthquakes **
 * Assessments **
 * Homework **
 * Vocabulary – section 3
 * Section Review 3-2
 * Section Review 3-3
 * Section Review 3-5
 * Section Review 3-6
 * Vocabulary – section 4
 * Section Review 4-1
 * Section Review 4-2
 * Section Review 4-3
 * Section Review 4-4
 * Section Review 4-5
 * Vocabulary – section 5
 * Section Review 5-1
 * Section Review 5-2
 * Quizzes **
 * Vocabulary quiz –section 3
 * Vocabulary quiz –section 4
 * Vocabulary quiz – section 5
 * Earthquake of 89
 * Labs **
 * Rock Lab/Activity
 * Plate Tectonics Lab/Activity
 * Earthquake of 89 Videodisc
 * Tests **
 * Rocks
 * Plate Tectonics
 * Earthquakes

Cumulative Notebook Grade

 * All notes, class work and homework included.
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania
=// November //=
 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * Illustrate and explain plate tectonics as the mechanism of continental movement and sea floor changes. (3.5.10.A.1)
 * Compare examples of change to the Earth’s surface over time as they related to continental movement and ocean basin formation. (3.5.10.A.2)
 * Evaluate the impact of geologic activities/hazards. (3.5.10.B.3)
 * Describe and identify major types of rocks and minerals. (3.5.10.A.7)
 * Evaluate the impact of geologic activities/hazards (e.g., earthquakes, sinkholes, landslides). (3.5.10.B.3)
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials
 * Notes **

F. Volcanoes
**3. Conserving Land and Soil** ** 4. Waste Disposal and **** Recycling **
 * 1. Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics **
 * 2. Volcanic Activity **
 * 3. Volcanic Landforms **
 * G. Weathering and Soil Formation **
 * 1. Rocks and Weathering **
 * 2. Soil Formation and Composition **
 * Skills **

F. Volcanoes
a. Identify where Earth’s volcanic regions are found, and explain why they are found there.(6.1.1) **2. Volcanic Activity** a. Describe what happens when a volcano erupts.(6.2.1) b. Explain how the two types of volcanic eruptions differ.(6.2.2) c. Identify some hazards of volcanoes..(6.2.3) d. Identify types of volcanic activity other than eruptions.(6.2.4) **3. Volcanic Landforms** a. Identify landforms that lava and other volcanic materials create on Earth’s surface.(6.3.1) b. Explain how magma hardens beneath the Earth’s surface to create landforms.(6.3.2) a.  Identify what causes mechanical weathering.(7.1.1) b.  Identify what causes chemical weathering.(7.1.2) c.  Describe the factors that determine how fast weathering occurs.(7.1.3) a.  Describe the composition of soil.(7.2.1) b.  Explain how soil is formed and how soil horizons develop.(7.2.2) c.  Identify the roles of plants and animals in soil formation.(7.2.3) **3. Conserving Land and Soil** a.  Describe some major forms of land use.(7.3.1) b.  Explain why soil is a valuable of resource.(7.3.2) c.  List ways that soil can be lost or destroyed.(7.3.3) d.  Identify some ways that soil can be conserved.(7.3.4) **4. Waste Disposal and** ** Recycling **
 * 1. Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics **
 * G. Weathering and Soil Formation **
 * 1. Rocks and Weathering **
 * 2. Soil Formation and Composition **
 * 1)   Describe methods for managing with solid waste.(7.4.1)
 * 2)   List the four major types of recyclable waste.(7.4.2)
 * 3)   Identify methods for managing hazardous wastes.(7.4.3)
 * Assessments **
 * Homework **
 * Vocabulary – section 6
 * Section Review 6-1
 * Section Review 6-2
 * Section Review 6-3
 * Vocabulary – section 7
 * Section Review 7-1
 * Section Review 7-2
 * Section Review 7-3
 * Section Review 7-4
 * Quizzes **
 * Vocabulary quiz 6
 * Vocabulary quiz 7
 * Labs **
 * Volcano Lab/Activity
 * Soil Lab/Activity
 * Tests **
 * Volcanism
 * Weathering and Soil Formation

Cumulative Notebook Grade

 * All notes, class work and homework included.
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania
=// December //=
 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * Evaluate and interpret geologic history using geologic maps. (3.5.10.A.4)
 * Explain several methods of dating earth materials and structures. (3.5.10.A.5)
 * Correlate rock units with general geologic time periods in the history of the Earth. (3.5.10.A.6)
 * Compare the locations of strategic minerals and earth resources in the world with their geologic history using maps and global information systems. (3.5.10.B.1)
 * Demonstrate the effects of sedimentation and erosion before and after a conservation plan is implemented. (3.5.10.B.2)
 * Evaluate the impact of geologic activities/hazards (e.g., earthquakes, sinkholes, landslides). (3.5.10.B.3)
 * Evaluate land use in Pennsylvania based on soil characteristics. (3.5.10.B.4)
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials
 * Notes **

Topics/ Content

 * H. Erosion and Deposition **
 * 1. Changing Earth’s Surface **
 * 2. Water Erosion **
 * 3. The Force of Moving Water **
 * I. Geologic Time Scale **
 * 1. Fossils **
 * 2. Relative Age of Rocks **
 * 3. Radioactive Dating **
 * 4. Geologic Time Scale **
 * 5. Earth’s History **

a.  Describe the processes that wear down and build up Earth’s surface.(8.1.1) b.  Identify the force that pulls rock and soil down slopes.(8.1.2) a. Explain how water erosion is mainly responsible for shaping Earth’s land surface.(8.2.1) b.  Describe some land features formed by water erosion, including groundwater erosion.(8.2.2) c.  Describe land features formed when rivers and streams deposit sediment.(8.2.3) d.  Describe the features of a river system.(8.2.4) a.  Describe how water is able to do work.(8.3.1) b.  Explain how sediment enters rivers and streams.(8.3.2) c.  List the factors that affect a river’s ability to erode and carry sediment.(8.3.3) a.  Explain what fossils are and how most fossils form.(9.1.1) b.  Describe what fossils tell about how organisms have changed over time.(9.1.2) c.  Identify and describe different types of fossils.(9.1.3) a. Describe several ways that scientists can determine the relative age of rocks.(9.2.1) b. Describe how geologists use index fossils to date rocks.(9.2.2) a. Describe the process of radioactive decay.(9.3.1) b. Explain how the absolute age of a rock can be determined using radioactive dating.(9.3.2) a. Describe the geologic time scale and explain how it is used.(9.4.1) b. Identify the different units of the geologic time scale.(9.4.2) a. Identify and describe the major events in Earth’s geologic history.(9.5.1) b. Identify and describe the major developments of life on Earth.(9.5.2)
 * Skills **
 * H . Erosion and Deposition  **
 * 1. Changing Earth’s Surface **
 * 2. Water Erosion **
 * 3. The Force of Moving Water **
 * I . Geologic Time Scale  **
 * 1. Fossils **
 * 2. Relative Age of Rocks **
 * 3. Radioactive Dating **
 * 4. Geologic Time Scale **
 * 5. Earth’s History **
 * Assessments **
 * Homework **
 * Vocabulary – section 8
 * Section Review 8-1
 * Section Review 8-2
 * Section Review 8-3
 * Vocabulary – section 9
 * Section Review 9-1
 * Section Review 9-2
 * Section Review 9-3
 * Section Review 9-4
 * Section Review 9-5
 * Quizzes **
 * Vocabulary quiz 8-1, 8-2, 8-3
 * Vocabulary quiz 9-(1-5)
 * Labs **
 * Erosion Lab/Activity
 * Geologic Time/Fossil Lab/Activity
 * Tests **
 * Erosion and Deposition
 * Geologic Time and Earth History

Cumulative Notebook Grade

 * All notes, class work and homework included.
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania
=// January //=
 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * Compare examples of change to the earth’s surface over time as they related to continental movement and ocean basin formation. (3.5.10.A.2)
 * Interpret topographic maps to identify and describe significant geologic history/structures in Pennsylvania . (3.5.10.A.3)
 * Evaluate and interpret geologic history using geologic maps. (3.5.10.A.4)
 * Explain several methods of dating earth materials and structures. (3.5.10.A.5)
 * Correlate rock units with geologic time periods in the history of the earth. (3.5.10.A.6)
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials
 * Notes **

Topics/ Content
** 1.   **** Fossil Fuels ** ** 4. **** Recycling **** and Waste Management ** ** 2.   **** Fossil Fuels ** a.  Explain how fossil fuels provide energy.(10.1.1) b.  List the three major fossil fuels.(10.1.2) c.  Explain why fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources.(10.1.3) a.  Explain how the sun provides energy and describe ways to collect this energy.(10.2.1) b.  Identify and describe various sources of renewable energy.(10.2.2) a.  Describe nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions.(10.3.1) b.  Explain how a nuclear power plant produces electricity.(10.3.2) a.  List two ways to ensure that there will be enough energy for the future.(10.4.1) b.  Identify things that individuals can do to conserve energy.(10.4.2) a.  Explain how moving water can produce electricity.(12.4.1) b.  Describe the benefits and limitations of hydroelectric power.(12.4.2) c.  Describe the impact of dams.(12.4.3) a.  Identify alternative sources of energy. b.  Identify and compare fuels used in industrial and agricultural societies. c.  Compare and contrast the cycles of various natural resources. d.  Explain food and fiber as renewable resources. a.  Describe natural occurrences that may affect the natural resources. b.  Analyze technologies that affect the use of our natural resources. c.  Evaluate the effect of consumer desires on various natural resources. a.  Explain the complete cycle of a natural resource, from extraction to disposal, detailing its uses and effects on the environment. b.  Analyze energy uses and energy conservation in different regions. c.  Examine conservation practices in different countries. d.  Analyze the costs and benefits of different man-made systems and how they use renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. e.  Analyze the impact of information systems on management and distribution of natural resources. ** 4. **** Recycling **** and Waste Management ** a.  Analyze the manufacturing process with consideration for resource recovery. b.  Compare various methods dealing with solids waste (incineration, compost, land application). c.  Differentiate between pre/post-consumer and raw materials. e. Illustrate how one natural resource can be managed through reduction, recycling, reuse or use.
 * J. Sources and Uses of Earth’s Resources **
 * 2. Renewable Sources of Energy **
 * 3. Nuclear Energy **
 * 4. Energy Conservation **
 * 5. Water as an Energy Resource **
 * K. Renewable and nonrenewable Resources (EE 4.2) **
 * 1. Energy and Materials **
 * 2. Resource Availability **
 * 3. Human Impact on Resource Availability **
 * Skills **
 * J. Sources and Uses of Earth’s Resources **
 * 2. Renewable Sources of Energy **
 * 3. Nuclear Energy **
 * 4. Energy Conservation **
 * 5. Water as an Energy Resource **
 * K. Renewable and nonrenewable Resources (EE 4.2) **
 * 1. Energy and Materials **
 * 2. Resource Availability **
 * 3. Human Impact on Resource Availability **
 * Assessments **
 * Homework **
 * Vocabulary – section 10
 * Section Review 10-1
 * Section Review 10-2
 * Section Review 10-3
 * Section Review 10-4
 * Vocabulary – section 12-4
 * Section Review 12-4
 * Vocabulary – Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
 * Quizzes **
 * Vocabulary quiz 10
 * Vocabulary quiz 12
 * Vocabulary quiz – Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources
 * Labs **
 * Alternative Energy/Activity
 * Hydroelectric/Activity
 * Tests **
 * Energy Resources – Water as an Energy Resource
 * Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources

Cumulative Notebook Grade

 * All notes, class work and homework included.
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania
=// February //=
 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * Compare the locations of strategic minerals and earth resources in the world with their geologic history using maps and global information systems. (3.5.10.B.1)
 * Evaluate land use (e.g., agricultural, recreational, residential, commercial) in Pennsylvania based upon soil characteristics. (3.5.10.B.4)
 * Explain that renewable and nonrenewable resources supply energy and materials. (4.2.10.A)
 * Evaluate factors affecting availability of natural resources. (4.2.10.B)
 * Analyze how man-made systems have impacted the management and distribution of natural resources. (4.2.10.C)
 * Explain different management alternatives involved in recycling and solid waste management. (4.2.10.D)
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials
 * Notes **

Topics/ Content
a.  Explain why some societies have been unable to meet their natural resource needs. b.  Compare and contrast the use of natural resources and the environmental conditions in several countries. c.  Describe how uses of natural resources impact sustainability. a.  Explain the role of natural resources in sustaining society. b.  Analyze the effects of a natural resource’s availability on a community or region. a.  Analyze and evaluate changes in the environment that are the result of human activities. b.  Compare and contrast the environmental effects of different industrial strategies (energy generation, transportation, logging, mining, agriculture). a.  Identify natural resources for which societal demands have been increasing. b.  Identify specific resources for which human consumption has resulted in scarcity of supply (buffalos, lobsters). c.  Describe the relationship between population density and resource use and management. a.  Identify some of the properties of air.(15.3.1) b.  Name instruments that are used to measure air pressure.(15.3.2) c.  Explain how increasing altitude affects air pressure and density.(15.3.3) d. Describe the characteristics of the main layers of the atmosphere.(15.4.1) a.  State in what form energy travels from the sun to the Earth.(16.1.1) b.  Explain what happens to energy from the sun when it reaches Earth.(16.1.2) a.  Explain what causes winds.(16.3.1) b.  Distinguish between local and global winds.(16.3.2) c.  Describe the major global wind belts and where they are located.(16.3.3) a.  Describe how relative humidity is measured.(16.4.1) b.  Explain how clouds form.(16.4.2) c.  Describe the main types of clouds.(16.4.3) a.  Identify the main types of precipitation.(16.5.1) b.  Describe how precipitation is measured and ways that it might be controlled.(16.5.2)
 * L. Humans and the Environment (EE 4.8) **
 * 1. Societal Resource Needs **
 * 2. Sustainability of Resources **
 * 3. Ecological Impact **
 * 4. Environmental Effects **
 * M. Weather Factors **
 * 1. Air Pressure **
 * 2. Energy in the Atmosphere **
 * 3. Winds **
 * 4. Water in the Atmosphere **
 * 5. Precipitation **
 * Skills **
 * L. Humans and the Environment (EE 4.8) **
 * 1. Societal Resource Needs **
 * 2. Sustainability of Resources **
 * 3. Ecological Impact **
 * 4. Environmental Effects **
 * M. Weather Factors **
 * 1. Air Pressure **
 * 2. Energy in the Atmosphere **
 * 3. Winds **
 * 4. Water in the Atmosphere **
 * 5. Precipitation **
 * Assessments **
 * Homework **
 * Vocabulary – Humans and the Environment
 * Vocabulary 15
 * Section Review 15-3
 * Section Review 15-4
 * Vocabulary 16
 * Section Review 16-1
 * Section Review 16-3
 * Section Review 16-4
 * Section Review 16-5
 * Quizzes **
 * Vocabulary quiz Humans and the Environment
 * Vocabulary quiz 15
 * Vocabulary quiz 16
 * Labs **
 * Humans and the Environment Lab/Activity
 * Sling Psychrometer Lab/Activity
 * Air Pressure Lab/Activity
 * Tests **
 * Humans and the Environment
 * Weather Factors

Cumulative Notebook Grade

 * All notes, class work and homework included.
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania
=// March //=
 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * Analyze how society’s needs relate to the sustainability of natural resources. (4.8.10.A)
 * Analyze the relationship between the use of natural resources and sustaining our society. (4.8.10.B)
 * Analyze how human activities may cause changes in an ecosystem. (4.8.10.C)
 * Explain how the concept of supply and demand affects the environment. (4.8.10.D)
 * Analyze information from meteorological instruments and online sources to predict weather patterns. (3.5.10.C.1)
 * Describe weather and climate patterns on global levels. (3.5.10.C.2)
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials
 * Notes **

Topics/ Content
a.  List the main kinds of storms and explain how they form.(17.2.1) a.  Identify the causes of flooding.(17.3.1) b.  Explain how the dangers of flooding can be reduced.(17.3.2) a.  Explain how technology helps forecasters predict the weather.(17.4.1) b.  Describe the types of information shown on weather maps.(17.4.2) c. Describe El Nino and its effects.(17.4.3) a.  Identify the factors that influence temperature and precipitation.(18.1.1) b.  Explain what causes the seasons.(18.1.2) a.  Identify factors used to define climates.(18.2.1) b.  Describe the different types of climate regions.(18.2.2) a.  Describe the greenhouse effect and how humans are affecting it.(18.4.1) b.  Describe how human activities have affected the ozone layer.(18.4.2) a.  Identify how water is distributed among saltwater and freshwater sources.(11.1.1) b.  Describe how Earth’s water moves through the water cycle.(11.1.2) c.  Give examples how people and other living things use water.(11.1.3) a.  Describe a river system and how water flows into it.(11.2.1) b.  Identify conditions that can cause floods and how floods can be controlled.(11.2.2) c.  Explain how ponds and lakes form.(11.2.3) d.  Describe pond and lake habitats and the process of lake  turnover. (11.2.4)    a.   Describe springs and how water moves through underground layers of soil and rock.(11.3.1) b.  Explain what an aquifer is and how people obtain water from an aquifer.(11.3.2)
 * N. Weather Patterns **
 * 1. Air Masses and Fronts **
 * 2. Storms **
 * 3. Floods **
 * 4. Predicting Weather **
 * O. Climate **
 * 1. What causes climate? **
 * 2. Long-term climate changes **
 * 3. Global atmospheric Changes **
 * P. Water **
 * 1. The Water Cycle **
 * 2. Water on the Surface **
 * 3. Water Underground **
 * Skills **
 * N. Weather Patterns **
 * 1. Air Masses and Fronts **
 * 1)  Identify the major types of air masses that affect the weather in North America. (17.1.1)
 * 2)  Name and describe the main types of fronts.(17.1.2)
 * 3)  Define cyclones and anticyclones.(17.1.3)
 * 2. Storms **
 * 3. Floods **
 * 4. Predicting Weather **
 * O. Climate **
 * 1. What causes climate? **
 * 2. Long-term climate changes **
 * 3. Global atmospheric Changes **
 * P. Water **
 * 1. The Water Cycle **
 * 2. Water on the Surface **
 * 3. Water Underground **
 * Assessments **
 * Homework **
 * Vocabulary – 17
 * Section Review 17-1
 * Section Review 17-2
 * Section Review 17-3
 * Section Review 17-4
 * Vocabulary 18
 * Section Review 18-1
 * Section Review 18-2
 * Section Review 18-4
 * Vocabulary 11
 * Section Review 11-1
 * Section Review 11-2
 * Section Review 11-3
 * Quizzes **
 * Vocabulary quiz 17
 * Vocabulary quiz 18
 * Vocabulary quiz 11
 * Labs **
 * Soil Lab/Activity
 * Erosion Lab/Activity
 * Geologic Time/Fossil Lab/Activity
 * Tests **
 * Weather Patterns
 * Climate
 * Water

Cumulative Notebook Grade

 * All notes, class work and homework included.
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania
=// April //=
 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * Analyze information from meteorological instruments and online sources to predict weather patterns. (3.5.10.C.1)
 * Describe weather and climate patterns on global levels. (3.5.10.C.2)
 * Evaluate specific adaptations plants and animals have made that enable them to survive in different climates. (3.5.10.C.3)
 * Assess the value of water as a resource. (3.5.10.D)
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials
 * Notes **

Topics/ Content
a.  Identify features of wetlands that make them suitable habitats for living things.(11.4.1) b.  Explain what a wetland is and how wetlands help control flooding.(11.4.2) a.  Describe sources of drinking water and how it is treated and distributed.(12.1.1) b.  Explain what happens to wastewater.(12.1.2) a.  Describe conditions that can result in a water shortage and list sources for fresh water in the future.(12.2.1) b.  Explain how water is conserved.(12.2.2) a.  Describe what water pollution is and list some of its sources.(12.3.1) b.  Explain how runoff affects ponds and streams.(12.3.3) c.  Describe how pollution can be prevented and how polluted water can be cleaned up.(12.3.3) a.  Identify Pennsylvania ’s major watersheds and their related river systems. b.  Describe changes by tracing a specific river’s origin back to its headwaters including its major tributaries. a.  Analyze a stream’s physical characteristics. b.  Describe how topography influences streams. c.  Explain the influence of mountains on precipitation. d.  Explain how vegetation affects storm water runoff. e.  Delineate the boundaries of a watershed. f.  Describe factors that affect the quality of groundwater. g.  Explain how the speed of water and vegetation cover relates to erosion.
 * 4. Wetland Environments **
 * 5. Potable Water **
 * 6. Balancing Needs **
 * 7. Water Pollution **
 * Q. Wetlands and Watersheds (EE 4.1) **
 * 1. Stream Development **
 * 2. Factors affecting streams **
 * Skills **
 * 4. Wetland Environments **
 * 5. Potable Water **
 * 6. Balancing Needs **
 * 7. Water Pollution **
 * Q. Wetlands and Watersheds (EE 4.1) **
 * 1. Stream Development **
 * 2. Factors affecting streams **
 * Assessments **
 * Homework **
 * Vocabulary 11-4
 * Section Review 11-4
 * Vocabulary 12
 * Section Review 12-1
 * Section Review 12-2
 * Section Review 12-3
 * Vocabulary Wetlands and Watersheds
 * Quizzes **
 * Vocabulary quiz 11-4
 * Vocabulary quiz 12
 * Vocabulary quiz Wetlands and Watersheds
 * Labs **
 * Wetland Environment Lab/Activity (field activity)
 * Water Pollution Lab/Activity
 * Stream Lab/Activity
 * Tests **
 * Water II
 * Streams

Cumulative Notebook Grade

 * All notes, class work and homework included.
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania
=// May //=
 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * Assess the value of water as a resource. (3.5.10.D)
 * Describe changes that occur from a stream’s origin to its final outflow. (4.1.10.A)
 * Explain the relationship among landforms, vegetation and the amount and speed of water. (4.1.10.B)
 * Describe the physical characteristics of a stream and determine the types of organisms found in aquatic environments (4.1.10.C)
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials
 * Notes **

Topics/ Content
a.  Describe and explain the physical factors that affect a stream and the organisms living there. b.  Identify terrestrial and aquatic organisms that living in a watershed. c.  Categorize aquatic organisms found in a watershed continuum from headwater to mouth (shredder, predator, decomposer). d.  Identify the types of organisms that would live in a stream based on the stream’s physical characteristics. e.  Explain the habitat needs of specific aquatic organisms. a.  Describe wetlands in terms of their effects (habitat, flood, buffer zones, prevention areas, nurseries, food production areas). b.  Explain how a wetland influences water quality, wildlife and water retention. c.  Analyze wetland through their indicators (soils, plants, hydrology). a.  Describe how natural events affect a watershed (flood, drought) b. Identify the effects of humans and human events on watersheds.
 * 3. Biotic and Abiotic Stream Characteristics **
 * 4. Wetland Functions **
 * 5. Affects of human and natural disasters. **
 * Skills **
 * 3. Biotic and Abiotic Stream Characteristics **
 * 4. Wetland Functions **
 * 5. Affects of human and natural disasters. **
 * Assessments **
 * Homework **
 * TBA
 * Quizzes **
 * Wetland Functions
 * Stream Characteristics
 * Labs **
 * Wetland /Activity - PLT
 * Floods – Video/Activity
 * Tests **
 * Stream Characteristics
 * Wetland Functions
 * Human and Natural Disaster Effects

Cumulative Notebook Grade

 * All notes, class work and homework included.
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania
=// June //=
 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * Describe the physical characteristics of a stream and determine the types of organisms found in aquatic environments. (4.1.10.C)
 * Describe the multiple functions of wetlands. (4.1.10.D)
 * Identify and describe natural and human effects on watersheds and wetlands. (4.1.10.E)
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials
 * Notes **

Topics/ Content

 * Skills **
 * Assessments **
 * Standards **

Pennsylvania

 * See [|PA Science and Technology Standards]
 * See [|PA Environment and Ecology Standards]
 * National **
 * See [|National Science Standards]
 * Adaptations **
 * Modifications made as per students’ IEPs. **
 * Extended length of time for assignments.
 * Orally presented exams.
 * Individual instruction.
 * Reteaching techniques.
 * Resources **
 * Internet
 * Computer/Video Projection Unit
 * [|Earth Science – Science Explorer – Prentice Hall]
 * [|Environment and Ecology for Pennsylvania – Pearson Learning]
 * Supplements/handouts/lab materials