Biology

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Topics/ Content
Biology - The Science of Life 7 Characteristics of Life Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells *similarities *differences Plant and Animal Cells *history *cell theory *diversity, size, and shape Cellular Organelles Microscope Technique Cellular Transport *passive and active transport *diffusion *osmosis *facilitated diffusion *Na/K pump *proton pump *endocytosis and exocytosis Cellular Communication *receptor proteins *chemically gated channels *voltage gated channels -Define Biology -List the seven characteristics of life -Describe examples of living organisms to support the 7 characteristics -Produce a drawing that represents one of the 7 characteristics -Explain the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -List examples of organisms that contain either prokaryotic or eukarytic cells -List the three premises of the cell theory -Recognize the major organelles of eukaryotic cells and their function -Create a cellular brochure -Describe the differeneces between animal and plant cells -Demonstrate proper techniques when using a microscope -Draw the plasma membrane and label its components -Describe the difference between active and passive transport -List and describe the major modes of cellular transport Class Questions High order questioning Project: Life Characteristics Drawing
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Laboratory: "Limiting Cell Size"
Week ending class questions Coloring book activity - Animal Cell Homework: List parts and functions of a microscope Lab: "Microscope" Lab report: Microscope Project: Cellular Brochure Review questions Review game: Basketball Review Game Unit Exam: Cells Homework: Vocabulary Drawing: Plasma Membrane Coloring book activity: Plasma membrane Homework: Draw and discuss the differences between endocytosis and exocytosis Home Work – Review questions Drawing – Plasma membrane Activity – Barnyard Drawing (to illustrate the process of diffusion)
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Pennsylvania
3.3.7. A   *Describe how the structures of living things help them function in unique ways *Account for adaptations among organisms that live in a particular environment 3.3.7. B   *Identify the levels of organization from cell to organism 3.3.10. A   *Explain the relationship between structure and function at the molecular and cellular levels. 3.3.10. B   *Identify the specialized structures and regions of the cell and the functions of each. What is life? How does the cell form and maintain multicellular organisms? How does the “division of labor” apply to unicellular and multicellular organisms? What separates the cell from its environment? How does the cell communicate with its environment? Eliminating 1 answer from multiple choice questions Allowing for group opportunities on some assignments Study guides Extended time frames on assignments Resource room opportunities //Biology: Principles and Explorations// – Raven and Johnson //Modern Biology// – Albert Towle //Biology Coloring Book// – Robert D. Griffin  =// October //=
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Cellular transport (cont.) Cellular Communication *direct and indirect *receptor proteins *gated channels Chromosomes Karyotypes Chromosomes and sex determination Sex related chromosomal defects *prenatal testing *disorders Mitosis Meiosis -Demonstrate the understanding of the various mechanisms of cellular transport and their value to the cell -Show understanding of cellular communication through classroom discussion -Categorize the various forms of cellular transportation in a concept chart -Explain the composition, location, and function of a chromosome -State the number of chromosomes and the number of different chromosomes in a Homo sapiens -Create a human karyotype -Compare and contrast the chromosomes in a male and female -Predict the outcome when chromosome numbers are altered -Give examples of a variety of sex chromosome disorders and explain the symptoms of each -Illustrate the steps to the cell cycle including mitosis -List the important events during the process of mitosis -Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis High order questioning Participation in class discussions Class Questions Cellular communication concept chart Review questions Review Game Unit Exam: Cellular transport and communication Drawing: Levels of chromosome structure Homework: Vocabulary Homework: Section review questions Chart: Sex disorders and supporting information Laboratory: "Karyotypes" Unit Exam: Chromosomes Coloring Book Activity: Meiosis Drawing: Cell cycle Project: Relief model of cell cycle phase Unit Exam: Mitosis and Meiosis
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Pennsylvania
3.1.7 C   *Identify repeating structure patterns 3.3.7 B   *Describe and distinguish among cell cycles, reproductive cycles, and life cycles *Explain that cells and organisms have particular structures that underlie their functions 3.3.7 C   *Distinguish how different living things reproduce What are the major mechanisms of cellular transport? What is the fundamental difference between active and passive transport? What are the three levels of DNA structure? How is a karyotype used to determine chromosomal defects? What are the differences and similarities between mitosis and meiosis? Eliminating 1 answer from multiple choice questions Allowing for group opportunities on some assignments Study guides Extended time frames on assignments Resource room opportunities //Biology: Principles and Explorations// – Raven and Johnson //Modern Biology// – Albert Towle //Biology Coloring Book// – Robert D. Griffin =// November //=
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Mendelian genetics Mono and dihybrid crosses Probability related to genetic studies Alleles *homozygous and heterozygous *dominant and recessive *allele anomalies Genetic mutations Genetic disorders Pedigrees Genetic Material * DNA structure *Hershey and Chase *Chargaff's Rule *Complimentary base pairs *Gene structure *Replication -Discuss and illustrate Mendel's early genetic studies -Demonstarte understanding of the characteristics that made peas a good choice for genetic studies -Define allele and the variety of arrangements in an individual -Define and recognize the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele -Use Punnet squares and probability to predict the outcome of mono and dihybrid crosses -List examples that illustrate allele anomalies that do not follow general rules of dominance and recessiveness -Give examples of genetic mutations and the disorders the may arise -State the symptoms of genetic disorders such as Sickle Cell Anemia and Hemophilia -Create a pedigree that tracks a genetic characteristic through a fictitious family -Draw and label the three components to a strand of DNA -Illustrate the understanding of the work of Watson and Crick in determining the 3-D composition of DNA -Describe the work of Heshey, Chase, and Chargaff in their attempt to define the rule of complimentary base pairings -Define the words exon and intron -Discuss the steps involved in DNA replication In-class discussions High order questioning Activity: Pea advertisement Coloring books: *Mendel’s Peas *Gene sysmbols *2 character cross Activity and drawing: Punnet square Homework: dihybrid cross Chart: genetic disorders Review Questions *section reviews *student made questions and answers Review Game Unit Exam: Intro to Genetics Drawing: DNA Class Questions
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Pennsylvania
3.1.7 E   *Explain how ratio is used to describe change. *Describe the effect of making a change in one part of a system of the system as a whole. 3.3.7 C   *Identify and explain inheritable characteristics *Identify basic patterns of inheritance *Describe how traits are inherited 3.3.10 C   *Explain the relationship among DNA, genes, and chromosomes *Explain different types of inheritance Who is the Father of modern genetics? How do the patterns of genetics affect the appearance of the offspring? How can probability be used to predict the outcome of a specific cross? Are some human disorders controlled by Genetics? Who discovered the shape of DNA ? How does DNA control all activities in living organisms? How is the DNA copied? Eliminating 1 answer from multiple choice questions Adding additional information to True and False statements Allowing for group opportunities on some assignments Study guides Extended time frames on assignments Resource room opportunities Having test presented in an oral format //Biology: Principles and Explorations// – Raven and Johnson //Modern Biology// – Albert Towle //Biology Coloring Book// – Robert D. Griffin =// December //=
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Gene Regulation *transcription *translation Ribosomes Types of RNA Genetic Code Mutations and Cancer -Describe the three major components of RNA -Compare and contrast the composition and functions of DNA and RNA -List and explain the steps of transcription -Define the three types of RNA and their function -Demonstrate the ability to read the Genetic Code -Prepare a set of sequential drawings that demonstrates understanding of translation -List common mutations and their role in Cancer Class Questions Review Questions Coloring book activities: *Genetic Code *Transcription *Translation Vocabulary Drawing: Translation High order questioning Review Game Project: Translation Unit Exam: Gene Regulation
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Pennsylvania
3.3.10 C    *Describe a mutations’ effects on a trait’s expression *Explain the relationship among DNA, genes, and chromosomes *Explain different types of inheritance *Describe the role of DNA in protein synthesis as it relates to gene expression 3.3.10 D    Explain the role of mutations and gene recombination in changing a population of organisms How are RNA and DNA related? How does the process of gene expression lead to the synthesis of proteins? How does the universal code apply to living organisms? Why is it necessary to accumulate a number of mutations before cancer can occur? How is cancer treated based on status – benign or malignant? Eliminating 1 answer from multiple choice questions Adding additional information to True and False statements Allowing for group opportunities on some assignments Study guides Extended time frames on assignments Resource room opportunities Having test presented in an oral format //Biology: Principles and Explorations// – Raven and Johnson //Modern Biology// – Albert Towle //Biology Coloring Book// – Robert D. Griffin =// January //=
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Topics/ Content
Hierarchy of modern taxonomy Early classification

The Species Concept
6 Kingdoms *archeabacteria *eubacteria *protists *fungi *plantae *Animalia -Identify the Father of Modern Taxonomy -Show understanding of early taxonomy by classifying animals in a drawing based on land, air, and water -Determine validity of a species based on the existing definitions -List the seven major lavels to the modern classification scheme -Write the complete classification of a human being -Discuss the differences between a species and a sub-species -List examples to demonstrate the existance of varieties -Prepare an almanac based on the 6 kingdoms -List several characteristics of each kingdom -Determine the classification of organism based on the characterisitcs of each kingdom Class questions In class questioning to determine level of understanding HW: Vocabulary Drawing/Labeling Major examinations Project: Aristotle and classification Quizzes
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Pennsylvania
3.3.7 A    *Account for adaptations among organisms that live in a particular environment 3.3.10 A   *Identify and characterize major life forms according to their placement in existing classification groups *Identify and characterize major life forms by kingdom, phyla, class and order Who designed the modern classification scheme? What is the purpose and usefulness of taxonomy? What are the 6 major kingdoms and their characteristics? How de we fit into the modern hierarchy? How can phylogeny be used to better understand our development? Eliminating 1 answer from multiple choice questions Adding additional information to True and False statements Allowing for group opportunities on some assignments Study guides Extended time frames on assignments Resource room opportunities Having test presented in an oral format //Biology: Principles and Explorations// – Raven and Johnson //Modern Biology// – Albert Towle //Biology Coloring Book// – Robert D. Griffin =// February //=
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Classification Taxonomy Binomial Nomenclature 6 Kingdoms *archeabacteria *eubacteria *protists *fungi *plantae *Animalia Class Agnatha Class Chondrichthyes Class osteicthyes Class Amphibia Identify the Father of Modern Taxonomy Prepare an almanac based on the 6 kingdoms List several characteristics of each kingdom Determine the classification of organism based on the characterisitcs of each kingdom Identify the major characterisitics of all the listed classifications Discuss the developmental structures that make vertebrates better suited for their habitat List the major characteristics of all fishes Describe the function of the advancements found among the boney fishes Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the amphibian three chambered heart Determine the sex of a frog by examining the thumb pads Chart the differences and similarities between the three major orders of amphibians High order questioning to determine progress Quiz Unit examinations *Taxonomy 6 Kingdoms Project Review handouts Coloring book activities Vocabulary Class questions Review questions Review games In class assessment to determine level of understanding Class participation Drawings – labeled and in color
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Pennsylvania
3.3.7 A    *Account for adaptations among organisms that live in a particular environment 3.2.10 C    *Generate questions about objects organisms and/or events that can be answered through scientific investigations *Evaluate the appropriateness of questions 3.3.10 A    *Identify and characterize major life forms by kingdom, phyla, class, and order 3.3.7 D    *Identify adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environments What are the major evolutionary advancements of each successively high group of animals in the hierarchy? How are animals specialized to survive in their specific environments? How do different animals feed and reproduce, and what special structures have developed to guarantee their success? Eliminating 1 answer from multiple choice questions Adding additional information to True and False statements Allowing for group opportunities on some assignments Study guides Extended time frames on assignments Resource room opportunities Having test presented in an oral format Alternative assessment options Give visual and auditory clues Use cooperative learning strategies Vary pace of instructions as needed Allow for oral reading of test items Adjust group size and work areas to accommodate for wheelchair bound students Alter grading criteria based on the abilities of individual students Substitute assignments that may not be within the capabilities of a student //Biology: Principles and Explorations// – Raven and Johnson //Modern Biology// – Albert Towle //Biology Coloring Book// – Robert D. Griffin =// March //=
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Class Amphibia Class Reptilia Class Aves Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the amphibian three chambered heart Determine the sex of a frog by examining the thumb pads Chart the differences and similarities between the three major orders of amphibians Identify major anatomical structures of both the Perch and the Grass Frog through dissection List the evolutionary advantages that allowed reptiles to dominate the land Describe the major similarities and differences of the following Turtles Tortoises Lizards Snakes Crocodiles Alligators Tuataras Discuss the characterisctics and advancement found among birds Identify the oldest known fossil of any bird like animal – Archeaoptyrx Coloring book activities Dissections Perch Grassfrog Class Questions Major Examinations: Fish and Amphibians Reptiles In class questioning Drawings Review questions Video notes and questions
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Pennsylvania
3.3.7 A    *Account for adaptations among organisms that live in a particular environment 3.2.10 C    *Generate questions about objects organisms and/or events that can be answered through scientific investigations *Evaluate the appropriateness of questions 3.3.10 A    *Identify and characterize major life forms by kingdom, phyla, class, and order 3.3.7 D    *Identify adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environments What adaptations allow organism to thrive in their habitats? What developments allow subsequent classes of animals to better survive in their environments? What are the major advancements of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds? Eliminating 1 answer from multiple choice questions Adding additional information to True and False statements Allowing for group opportunities on some assignments Study guides Extended time frames on assignments Resource room opportunities Having test presented in an oral format Alternative assessment options Give visual and auditory clues Use cooperative learning strategies Vary pace of instructions as needed Allow for oral reading of test items Adjust group size and work areas to accommodate for wheelchair bound students Alter grading criteria based on the abilities of individual students Substitute assignments that may not be within the capabilities of a student //Biology: Principles and Explorations// – Raven and Johnson //Modern Biology// – Albert Towle //Biology Coloring Book// – Robert D. Griffin =// April //=
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Class Aves Class Mammalia Water Pollution Biology Identify the major characteristics of birds Compare and contrast prehistoric birds with modern birds List the major types of beaks and feet and their functions Produce a drawing that explains the uses of beaks and feet Create an almanac that summarizes the 12 major Orders of birds Describe the characteristics, habitat, and niche of early mammals Describe the characteristics that all mammals have in common Compare and contrast the three major types of mammals Identify the major reproductive modes among mammals Name several examples of mammals in each of the three classifications Produce a summary drawing and list the characteristics of one order of Placental mammals Define Limnology and Water Pollution Describe how dissolved oxygen and species diversity can be used to determine the level of water pollution Discuss the impact of a point source effluent and the oxygen sag curve Calculate a Beck’s Index for a random aquatic environment and determine the relative level of pollution Identify the classification and appearance of several aquatic macro invertebrates In class questioning Review questions Project: Birds, Birds, Birds Class questions Drawings Coloring book activities Major exams: Birds Mammals Water pollution Activity: Placental Mammals Class participation
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Pennsylvania
3.3.7 A    *Account for adaptations among organisms that live in a particular environment 3.2.10 C    *Generate questions about objects organisms and/or events that can be answered through scientific investigations *Evaluate the appropriateness of questions 3.3.10 A    *Identify and characterize major life forms by kingdom, phyla, class, and order 3.3.7 D    *Identify adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environments What are the common characteristics of all mammals? What characteristics have allowed humans to assume the top spot on the food chain? What are the major classifications of mammals? What is the only North American marsupial? What might indicate water pollution? What is the formula used to calculate a Beck’s index? How does dissolved oxygen affect species diversity and number of individuals? What happens to the level of D.O. during the day and night cycle? Eliminating 1 answer from multiple choice questions Adding additional information to True and False statements Allowing for group opportunities on some assignments Study guides Extended time frames on assignments Resource room opportunities Having test presented in an oral format Alternative assessment options Give visual and auditory clues Use cooperative learning strategies Vary pace of instructions as needed Allow for oral reading of test items Adjust group size and work areas to accommodate for wheelchair bound students Alter grading criteria based on the abilities of individual students Substitute assignments that may not be within the capabilities of a student //Biology: Principles and Explorations// – Raven and Johnson //Modern Biology// – Albert Towle //Biology Coloring Book// – Robert D. Griffin =// May //=
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The role of climate Ecosystem factors Ecological succession Land Biomes Aquatic ecosystems Water sheds Humans in the biosphere Renewable and nonrenewable resources Biodiversity Human related environmental problems Identify the causes of climate Explain how the Earth’s temperature range is maintained Identify Earth’s three main climate zones Describe the different phases of succession Explain how biotic and abiotic factors influence an ecosystem Identify the interactions that occur within communities Describe how ecosystems recover from disturbance Define microclimates Identify the characteristics of the major land biomes Compare and contrast the different types of aquatic ecosystems Identify and map the local watersheds Describe human activities that can affect the biosphere\ Explain how environmental resources are classified Describe how humans affect the environment Define biodiversity and explain its value Identify current threats to biodiversity Describe the goal of conservation Describe global changes that concern biologists In class questioning Review questions Projects Class questions Drawings Coloring book activities Major exams: Chapter 4 Chapter 6 In class activities Demonstration participation Class participation
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Pennsylvania
** 4.6   **** Ecosystems and Interactions ** A. Explain the biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem and their interaction.  ·   Identify the major biomes and explain their similarities and differences.  ·   Compare and contrast the interactions of biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem.  ·   Analyze the effects of abiotic factors on specific ecosystems.  ·   Describe how the availability of resources affects organisms in an ecosystem.  ·   Explain energy flow in a food chain through an energy pyramid.  ·   Assess the effects of latitude and altitude on biomes. C. Analyze how ecosystems change over time.  ·   Identify and explain the succession stages in an ecosystem.  ·   Identify causes of succession. ·   Analyze consequences of interrupting natural cycles. A. Explain the significance of diversity in ecosystems. ·  Explain the role that specific organisms have in their ecosystem. ·  Identify a species and explain what effects its increase or decline might have on the ecosystem**.** ·  Identify a species and explain how its adaptations are related to its niche in the environment. A. Analyze how society’s needs relate to the sustainability of natural resources.  ·   Describe how uses of natural resources impact sustainability**.** B. Analyze how human activities may cause changes in an ecosystem.  ·   Analyze and evaluate changes in the environment that are the result of human activities. ·   Compare and contrast the environmental effects of different industrial strategies (e.g., energy generation, transportation, logging, mining, agriculture). How do humans affect the environment? What can we do to ensure a better future for the biosphere? What is the importance of local watersheds/ What is a niche and where do we fit in? Can we change or alter the environment in positive and negative ways? What can we do to ensure that we do not deplete the Earth of nonrenewable resources? Eliminating 1 answer from multiple choice questions Adding additional information to True and False statements Allowing for group opportunities on some assignments Study guides Extended time frames on assignments Resource room opportunities Having test presented in an oral format Alternative assessment options Give visual and auditory clues Use cooperative learning strategies Vary pace of instructions as needed Allow for oral reading of test items Adjust group size and work areas to accommodate for wheelchair bound students Alter grading criteria based on the abilities of individual students Substitute assignments that may not be within the capabilities of a student //Biology: Principles and Explorations// – Raven and Johnson //Modern Biology// – Albert Towle //Biology Coloring Book// – Robert D. Griffin =// June //=
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 * 4.8 Humans and the Environment **
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